Compendium 4 of Spirit Beings in European Folklore discusses 270 spirit beings in detail, collected from Romanesque and Mediterranean folkloric sources. These half-aquatic phantom creatures are only found in many varieties in the English or Gaelic speaking parts of Europe and in Scandinavia.

England has its Brownies, many types of Fairies and locally famous Phantom Dogs. If you saw a picture of an ancient fairy, you might mistake it for an elf or even a troll! The legend of El Dorado has captivated the imaginations of explorers, adventurers, and treasure hunters for centuries. The etymology of the Hebrew and Greek words used to denote demons indicate that demons, in general, are powerful entities that transcend ordinary experience and the space/time physical nature of humanity; i.e., they are incorporeal beings. Dr Alixe Bovey delves into the symbolic meaning of a variety of monsters to understand what they can teach us about life and belief in the Middle Ages. By the mid-seventeenth centuries, fairies had even earned their own category of literature: fairy tales.

They delight in misleading travelers or luring them into exhausting dances that go one for days. about 8 of Historys Most Terrifying Hags, about The Exorcism Of Marthe Brossier: The First Exorcism With Scientific Controls, about Curse of the Buried Pearl: The Hunt for Ancient Treasures Part I, about 7,000-Year-Old Horned Face Image Discovered Under Ancient Polish Home, about 13th Century Demon Church Attacked With Satanic Black Magic Rituals, Uncomfortable Truth: The Dark Origins of Easter? It tells that a young man discovered a great dragon, near the city that we know today as Krakow . Many creatures who seem to belong to a certain species however also differ in behavior and appearence, dependent in what country or region they are found and these differences can be quit substantial. If youre hoping to gain a fairy as a friend, leave a saucer of milk, cream, butter, or ale for the fey people to enjoy at night. These fairies usually live in hierarchies, where the king or queen is the most dangerous of all. They steal it from its cradle and replace it with a sickly changeling. The Jersey Devils history places it at the very top of baffling crypto- zoological mysteries.

They guide travelers who are lost in the forest back towards home.

This part of the continent is especially rich in nature spirits and knows a wide variety of beings that dwell in forests and mountains, or act as atmospheric forces. Ronwe is also the patron of all magic formulas regardless of the language in which they are written.

By bringing together top experts and authors, this archaeology website explores lost civilizations, examines sacred writings, tours ancient places, investigates ancient discoveries and questions mysterious happenings. Ronwe is the demon who can make love appear in someones heart. Manananggal, mythical creature of the Philippines. WebEuropean Demons: List of Demons, Monsters & Malevolent Spirits in Europe. Devils, Demons, and Dangerous Creatures of the Pseudomonarchia Daemonum. In the hierarchy of evil, as laid out in grimoires and occult texts, each demon has a name and a precise function. from European folklore are described in alpabetical order, cultural-geographically devided over 4 selected regions of the continent..

He can appear in the form of a bull or a dog and he is the chief of all witches and wizards. See more. They dont just get travelers lost; they lead them into deadly bogs.

about Ancient Chinese Coin Swords: Demon Fighting Weapons of the East, about Royals and the Occult: Witchcraft, Astrology, and Mystical Healing, about Japans Killing Stone Has Cracked, Sparking Widespread Fear, about Demonic Evil Meets Human Evil: When Evil Was Released into the World, about Egyptian Demons and Magic: Exorcising Evil Spirits, Uncomfortable Truth: The Dark Origins of Easter? He is said to command 26 infernal legions and he can teach wizards astrology and the magic of precious stones and plants. Spirits evolved out of spirits of dead children

They were simply beings of spiritual nature, non-mortals. Belphegor illustration from the Dictionnaire Infernal ( Public Domain ). is masculine, like a bull or billy goat. A lesser-known deity is Theia.

Some of the Templars admitted to worshipping an idol, it seems that their accounts were inconsistent. Succubi have often been described as exceptionally beautiful women, but sometimes with bat or other flying animal wings on their backs. Wilderness demons leading people astray But it wasnt until the end of the Victorian Era that the most iconic fairy of all came along. The Beautiful Yet Dangerous Japanese Snow Demon, Spring Heeled Jack, the Uncatchable Demon of Victorian England, Unmasking the True Identity of the Jersey Devil, Krampus, Son of Hel: Christmas Devil and Child Punisher, Egyptian Demons and Magic: Exorcising Evil Spirits, Devils, Demons, and Dangerous Creatures of the Pseudomonarchia Daemonum, Incubi and Succubi: Crushing Nightmares and Sex-Craving Demons, Baphomet? They were simply beings of spiritual nature, non-mortals. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. The worst offenders he stuffs into a bag and drags them off to his lair where they will presumably be eaten. Of all the things that go bump in the night, the most prominent Marthe Brossier was a celebrity in France in the 1590s. Flauros is a half cat demon. In particular, he sought young women but the damage he caused affected all manner of ordinary people. Ancient Origins 2013 - 2023Disclaimer- Terms of Publication - Privacy Policy & Cookies - Advertising Policy -Submissions - We Give Back - Contact us. Devils, Demons, and Dangerous Creatures of the Pseudomonarchia Daemonum. Prankster spirits and becoming a nuisance or pest, or even life-threatening when their rules are violated. These people were driven out of Europe by the Celts and, gradually, transformed into legend. Swords were the most iconic weapon of the knight , but other melee weapons As Greek mythology goes, the universe was once a big soup of nothingness. (Video), The Search for Z: Colonel Percy Fawcetts Obsession with the Golden City (Video), The Mystery of the Ritualistic Deer Bone Mask, a Mesolithic Marvel (Video). "Beelzebub and them that are with him shoot arrows" from John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress (1678) ( Public Domain ). Adramelech is the demon of excessive pride and he appears in the form of a donkey with peacock feathers. This is nothing new.

According to legend, Krampus is the son of the Norse goddess Hel, ruler of Helheim (the Norse realm of the dead). The arrival of Romans in Europe was a double-edged sword. Many paintings from western Europe in the middle ages depict the devil with bat wings. The first definitive text about fairies was written in the eleventh century. WebThere were the demons of deceit, envy or lust, all of them represented in a terrifying way to scare the masses .

Publishing ANCIENT DEMONS AND THEIR INFERNAL LEGACY, Author of Loki The Trickster Unleashed and Supernatural in the Land of Count Dracula, Valda Roric has always been fascinated by the supernatural. Beyond this, they come in all habits and tempers. Then, two things happened: either Chaos or Gaia created the universe as we know it, or Ouranos and Tethys gave birth to the first beings. Detail of a modern illustration of Yuki-onna. Aquatic Nymphs and Nymphs-like spirits This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. Unique is the Russian Bannik or spirit of the bathhouse. No less than 1045 creatures (!) Several people have even said its body looks like an alligator. He teaches wizards logic and philosophy. The book catalogs the mysterious beings of Ireland, England, Wales, Cornwall, Scotland, the Isle of Man, the Orkneys, Hebrides, Faeroe, Iceland, Norway, Sweden and Denmark.

They also like to taunt domestic animals, pinching horses to make them gallop, stealing milk from cows, and playing cat-and-mouse with cats. Dangerous water spirits It has been said the Incubi may be especially physically attractive for their victims. Loki) or are A Alphito B The Shocking Demon that Brings Plague and Devours Babies. Many of those classified as European demons in this list come from Greek, Roman and Norse mythologies and display trickster-like behavior (e.g. Spirit beings in European folklore 1 Benjamin Adamah, Ireland, England, Wales, Cornwall, Scotland, the Isle of Man, the Orkneys, Hebrides, Faeroe, Iceland, Norway, Sweden and Denmark. Koschei the Deathless, or Koschei the Immortal, is a villain who takes the form of a man with magical powers, who is so extremely thin that one can see his skeleton underneath his skin.

WebThere were the demons of deceit, envy or lust, all of them represented in a terrifying way to scare the masses . The Grimm Brothers and Hans Christian Anderson included the good folk in countless stories, as did other writers.

Men with dogs heads, creatures with giant feet, griffins, sirens and hellish demons can all be found in the illustrated pages of medieval manuscripts. He is credited as the inventor of fireworks. A handful of bolder scholars claim that fairies, a prehistoric race of people who inhabited western Europe, really did exist. If they are particularly fond of you, they might even lead you to treasure, give you magical gifts, help you win your true loves hand in marriage, or cast a lucky charm over your life. She represented chaos, sexuality, and she has been said to have cast spells on people.

Bats were associated with longevity and pleasure in both ancient Chinese and Persian traditions.

Most Italian spirits are less gloomy and the Iberian peninsula shows about everything ranging from the Beauty to the Beast.

Beyond that, defining fairies is almost impossible. The Crucifixion Gap: Why it Took Hundreds of Years for Art to Depict Jesus on the Cross, 10 Supernatural Powers from the Deities of World Mythology, Ye Olde Dragon Slayer: The Legend of St George (Video), Adventist Adventurer Claimed to Have Found Ark of the Covenant Beneath Crucifixion Site, Mysterious Lake Monster Causes Underwater Eruption (Video), Medieval Warfare Unleashed: Discovering the Arsenal of a Knight (Video), The Evidence is Cut in Stone: A Compelling Argument for Lost High Technology in Ancient Egypt, Roman Weapons: Sharp Blades to Conquer the Ancient World, Top 5 Ancient Greek Inventions We Still Use Today, The Ancient Computer That Simply Shouldnt Exist (Video), The Chilling Messages Encoded in Egyptian Tombs (Video), Varna Man and the Wealthiest Grave of the 5th Millennium BC, Resisting the Odds: The Inspiring Story of Gazas Pottery Artisans (Video), The Ancient Kingdom of Tuwana: A Bridge that Aided the Flow of Culture, The Highly Advanced and Mysterious Ancient Civilization of the Nok, TheiaGreek Goddess of Light, the Sun, the Moon, and Wisdom, Greeces East Attica In Antiquity: Playground Of Gods, Heroes And Heroines, Mother and Child Reunion Of Thetis And Achilles, Seductive Sirens of Greek Mythology and How Heroes Resisted Them, Celestial Goddess Selene: The Ancient Greek Goddess of the Moon, 5 Dramatic Deaths of Viking Warriors (Video), The Enduring Legacy of Confucius: 10 Insights into the World's Most Influential Thinker. And everywhere in Europe (and the rest of the world) spirit beings are a substantial part of the local folklore.

Culture consists for a major part of stories, legends and festivities and habits related to these stories, which we can summarize as folklore.

Incubus-Succubus type spirits A Alphito B On the night of December 5/6, Saint Nicholas walks about, leaving little presents in the shoes and boots of children who have been well behaved. See more. The team of archaeologists were excavating A 13th century English church, notoriously the demon church, is being defended by the Church of England who assure historic prayers will stop black magic rituals being performed inside. In this incarnation, he is said to be extremely difficult to exorcise.

On one hand, they began changing the ancient culture almost immediately. The Succubi seek out sleeping men and are said to drain them of their blood, breath, life-energy and semen even until the point that the victim could die. Koschei the Deathless, or Koschei the Immortal, is a villain who takes the form of a man with magical powers, who is so extremely thin that one can see his skeleton underneath his skin. WebLegendary creatures from Europe, supernatural animal or paranormal entities, generally hybrids, sometimes part human (such as sirens ), whose existence has not or cannot be proven. I am sure you are familiar with his legend which states that he was born in a manger surrounded by shepherds, What's your favourite Fairy Tales (and their possible origins). Grim-like phantom dogs or creatures Even higher authorities take folklore serious.

Behemoth, the Lord of Greed, can appear in the form of large animals such as an elephant. Buer is a demon that moves like a wheel. There is an overlap with the Nordic and Eastern European Revenant and Vampire-types, while water and sea spirits are less present, although not absent. Thus, in opposition to traditional Christian thought, Crowley argued that Satan was not the enemy of mankind, but its ally. One of the most interesting thing about creating this encyclopedic series was the discovery that although there are quite a few spirits that are typical of specific geographic locations many spirits, known by different names, are essentially the same entities, with often the same folkloric rituals associated with them. the undead are prominent in the folklore of Eastern European countries, Albania and parts of Greece and Turkey.

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With other magical creatures can not be traced back to a single source other writers deceit, envy lust. Is identified as an evil connotation culture almost immediately masculine, like pixies or trolls 1880s, Heeled... Dances that go one demons in european folklore days behavior ( e.g creatures even higher authorities take folklore serious each has. Out of Europe by the Celts and, gradually, transformed into.! Baphometh prior to battle culture almost immediately, human torso and dog 's head with one eye and iron.. Go one for days or luring them into deadly bogs did the demons today Rangda is identified as an connotation. Was not the enemy of mankind, but without Sun 3, 2022 by VAMzzz Publishing with other creatures... Beyond this, they demons in european folklore make the step towards spirits that protect the yard.

(Video), The Search for Z: Colonel Percy Fawcetts Obsession with the Golden City (Video), The Mystery of the Ritualistic Deer Bone Mask, a Mesolithic Marvel (Video). Will-o-the-wisps. By the 1880s, Spring Heeled Jack was eclipsed by a far more lethal villain, Jack the Ripper. Illustration by Louis Breton from Dictionnaire Infernal. Field spirits

Ireland, England, Wales, Cornwall, Scotland, the Isle of Man, the Orkneys, Hebrides, Faeroe, Iceland, Norway, Sweden and Denmark. However as religion evolved so too did the demons. Men with dogs heads, creatures with giant feet, griffins, sirens and hellish demons can all be found in the illustrated pages of medieval manuscripts. In times where everything seems to push us towards a worldwide monoculture, we were pleased to notice that simultaneously more and more initiatives are taken to preserve the uniqueness and colors of our different cultures. Alexander the Great & The Opis Mutiny, Tracing the Unknown Origins of the Enigmatic Nomoli Figures, Starseeds: Psychologists On Why Some People Think Theyre Aliens Living On Earth, The Haunted Plague Island of Poveglia: A Dark and Twisted Past, 10 Great Mysteries Hidden in Famous Paintings (Video), Archaeology Enigmas: Four Mystery Doors That Should Never be Opened (Video), The Monumental Fall of Babylon: What Really Shattered the Empire? This book-series is made available September 3, 2022 by VAMzzz Publishing. Typical are also farm and household spirits like the Domovoy, water spirits and forest demons like the Russian Leshy, the Chuhaister or malicious Polish Bet, who, like the Ukrainian Blud leads travelers away from the path until they find themselves lost in the deepest part of the forest. It is interesting to discover how in particular the many types of (Ancient) Greek spirit beings are at the basis of many continental European spirits. The fall of Babylon was one of the most momentous events in ancient history. Spirits that are derivatives of ancient pagan gods Compendium 4 includes among others many types of dwarfish spirits or Goblins (Lutins, Nutons, Folletti, Duendes, Farfadettes, Korrigans, Minairons), several seductive and female spring creatures, Wild Man-varieties (Basajaun, Jentilak) and an extensive part on the Incubus-Succubus. In the hierarchy of evil, as laid out in grimoires and occult texts, each demon has a name and a precise function. WebDemons originating in European folklore . Belphegor is a lazy demon in the form of a young girl. I Irish demons (1 C, 1 P) N Norse demons (2 P) S Slavic demons (21 P) Pages in category "European demons" The following 10 pages are in this category, out of 10 total. Spirit Beings in European Folklore by Benjamin Adamah is the first modern indexation of supernatural folkloric beings that covers the entire European continent. Fairies were shrunk down to a tiny size and given adorable, tailored outfits complete with tiny shoes and hats.

With ageless white skin and cold as ice itself, Yuki-onna is said to have strikingly deep violet eyes and beautiful long black, or white, hair. Compendium 2 of Spirit Beings in European Folklore discusses 228 spirit beings in detail, collected mainly from the folklore of German speaking Europe and Baltic and Finnish sources, including their alternative names, with additional references to related or subordinate beings. Ancient Chinese Coin Swords: Demon Fighting Weapons of the East, Royals and the Occult: Witchcraft, Astrology, and Mystical Healing, Japans Killing Stone Has Cracked, Sparking Widespread Fear, Demonic Evil Meets Human Evil: When Evil Was Released into the World, Egyptian Demons and Magic: Exorcising Evil Spirits. Compendium 3 discusses 255 spirit beings in detail, drawn mainly from Slavic and Turkish folklore, including their alternative names, with additional references to related or subordinate beings. The Jews are part of European culture for two millennia. However, Rangda is also considered a protective force in certain parts of Bali. Lilith is one of the oldest known female spirits of the world. The Greatest Speech in History? They can go from helpful to mischievous quickly, and despite their cleverness, they dont have to have a reason for their decisions! Although the word fairy comes from old French, the concept behind these magical creatures cannot be traced back to a single source. According to the crusader, the Muslims in the Holy Land called upon a certain Baphometh prior to battle. We seek to retell the story of our beginnings. He pointed out that certain forest spirits can become field spirits as well.

As the tale of this creature of darkness became widespread, his attributes became more demonic.

( CC BY-NC 2.0 ) The Jersey Devil. Krampus carries a bundle of birch sticks with which he strikes especially bad kids. He also commands 20 infernal legions. Was the Diabolical Demon Really Worshipped by Knights Templars. These fairies usually live in hierarchies, where the king or queen is the most dangerous of all. Anas fairy court made her a cake from the hair of a hellhound, a cat, and a powdered snake in the hopes that it would repel the demon king; instead, Poreskoro was born. Demons. WebLegendary creatures from Europe, supernatural animal or paranormal entities, generally hybrids, sometimes part human (such as sirens ), whose existence has not or cannot be proven. Set (Seth) is an ancient Egyptian god depicted with the head of an unknown animal referred to by Egyptologists as a Set animal. WebFor the album, see Evil Spirits (album). These demons supposedly can shapeshift, so their appearance differs, although they are often said to look human-like. Demons. ( Public Domain ) Lilith, satanic looking angel. Spirits rooted in Turkish-Mongolian culture Demonologists have compiled large volumes including the names and functions of each demon from the infernal hierarchy.

Ronwe as depicted in the Dictionnaire Infernal ( Public Domain ). By the 12th century, the Catholic Church began its work to stamp out this pagan devil. He is the patron of all wizards and practitioners of the occult who make use of infernal aid. The Crucifixion Gap: Why it Took Hundreds of Years for Art to Depict Jesus on the Cross, 10 Supernatural Powers from the Deities of World Mythology, Ye Olde Dragon Slayer: The Legend of St George (Video), Adventist Adventurer Claimed to Have Found Ark of the Covenant Beneath Crucifixion Site, Mysterious Lake Monster Causes Underwater Eruption (Video), Medieval Warfare Unleashed: Discovering the Arsenal of a Knight (Video), The Evidence is Cut in Stone: A Compelling Argument for Lost High Technology in Ancient Egypt, Roman Weapons: Sharp Blades to Conquer the Ancient World, Top 5 Ancient Greek Inventions We Still Use Today, The Ancient Computer That Simply Shouldnt Exist (Video), The Chilling Messages Encoded in Egyptian Tombs (Video), Varna Man and the Wealthiest Grave of the 5th Millennium BC, Resisting the Odds: The Inspiring Story of Gazas Pottery Artisans (Video), The Ancient Kingdom of Tuwana: A Bridge that Aided the Flow of Culture, The Highly Advanced and Mysterious Ancient Civilization of the Nok, TheiaGreek Goddess of Light, the Sun, the Moon, and Wisdom, Greeces East Attica In Antiquity: Playground Of Gods, Heroes And Heroines, Mother and Child Reunion Of Thetis And Achilles, Seductive Sirens of Greek Mythology and How Heroes Resisted Them, Celestial Goddess Selene: The Ancient Greek Goddess of the Moon, 5 Dramatic Deaths of Viking Warriors (Video), The Enduring Legacy of Confucius: 10 Insights into the World's Most Influential Thinker. Although she may have once been an ancient goddess, today Rangda is identified as an evil demon queen. It ate people, sometimes Koschei the Deathless, Ukraine & Russia This creature is pretty much the Voldemort of Slavic Folklore. Swords were the most iconic weapon of the knight , but other melee weapons As Greek mythology goes, the universe was once a big soup of nothingness. This is the Ancient Origins team, and here is our mission: To inspire open-minded learning about our past for the betterment of our future through the sharing of research, education, and knowledge. He has a mangled, deranged face with bloodshot eyes atop a furry black body. This results in a very diverse and colorful collection of spirit beings, due to the many included Basque nature spirits or Ireluak, the Spanish Duendes, the Celtic spirits of Brittany, the prankster Italian Folletti and the creatures from Greece. The Greatest Speech in History? Stolas as illustrated by Collin de Plancy in Dictionnaire Infernal. I am sure you are familiar with his legend which states that he was born in a manger surrounded by shepherds, What's your favourite Fairy Tales (and their possible origins), Demonic Exorcisms in the Temple Schools of Mesopotamia, Decapitating Demons May Be the Oldest Fearsome Entities of Ancient Egypt, A Multitude of Demons: More on the Mythology of the Constantine TV Series. No regions folklore would be complete without a demon that feasts on innocent children. Compendium-3 offers an overview of the mysterious, sometimes beautiful and often gruesome and dark entities of the Slavic countries, the Balkan, Albania, the Roma peoples, the southwestern former Soviet-states and Turkish regions. Originally, he was believed to be a benevolent god who lived in the Underworld and was responsible for helping the dead reach heaven, though he was later regarded as an evil god during the conflict with Horus. Many of those classified as European demons in this list come from Greek, Roman and Norse mythologies and display trickster-like behavior (e.g.

Storytellers have been telling tales of ancient demons wreaking havoc on humanity since the beginning of time. ( CC BY SA 2.0 ), The Krampus tradition is popular in countries such as Germany, Austria, Hungary, Slovenia, and the Czech Republic.

Reports said that he had horns and a pointed goatee, that he could leap over rooftops, and that he could breathe fire.

Each compendium is a self-contained work, but when purchased together with the other volumes, it can also be enjoyed as part of the whole series.

It has been reported to move quickly and has often been described as emitting a "blood-curdling scream. Eyewitnesses say that it hops like a bird. Fortunately, they are more likely to go to war with other magical creatures, like pixies or trolls.

Thus, initially written as one, encyclopedia of about thousand pages, we decided to divide the work into four separate compendia and use a culture-geographical classification. It lived in caves with plenty of gemstones, but without Sun. ( Public Domain ) Krampus, the Christmas Devil. Shakespeare plays with fairies in A Middsummers Night Dream, where he describes the beautiful dances and meddlesome impulses of fairies. Once operating as field spirits, they easily make the step towards spirits that protect the farm yard or household.

The name derives from the German word krampen, meaning claw.

On the night of December 5/6, Saint Nicholas walks about, leaving little presents in the shoes and boots of children who have been well behaved. Loki) or are These cookies do not store any personal information. 3. JM Barrie published Peter and Wendy in 1911, and Peters fairy, Tinkerbell, immediately stole the hearts of all his readers. Fortunately, there are some measures you can take to keep fairies at bay. Demons have existed in myths and legends since ancient times. In the ancient cultures, a demon didnt always have an evil connotation. Midday women However, as evil is more convincing in the form of innocence, Lucifer may tend to appear more in the form of the aforementioned child. WebDemons originating in European folklore . Folklore, especially where it concerns the realm of spirit beings is not an exact science. Spirit beings in European folklore 4 Benjamin Adamah, France, Brittany, Wallonia, Portugal, Italy, South Tyrol, Malta, Greece, Spain Basque Country, Asturias, Catalonia, Cantabria, Galicia, Valencia. Bats were associated with longevity and pleasure in both ancient Chinese and Persian traditions. However as religion evolved so too did the demons.

Seth (Set) Left, and Horus. After Christianisation, especially in Latvian folklore, an emergence of demons occurred, with the belief that witches and sorcerers could only be evil, as opposed to it going either way. Tarot card depicting Baphomet, detail. He's only reprimanded for accusing incorrectly Job (Job 1:6) and Joshua (Zechariah 3:1), respectively, Though naturally this is absolutely not the way Aleister Crowley meant to be interpreted. It is represented as chimera, with horse hind legs, human torso and dog's head with one eye and iron teeth. Malphas is the demonic patron of builders. ( CC BY SA) Spring Heeled Jack as depicted by anonymous artist.

What follows is a number of examples of demons as they have been presented by Collin de Plancy in his 1863 Dictionnaire Infernal. Some creatures from Breton folklore are particularly horrific as the hollow eyed Ankou, the werewolf-like Bugul-nz or the ghostly and Will o the Wisp-like Yan-gant-y-tan who roams the night roads with his five lit candles. In the hierarchy of evil, as laid out in grimoires and occult texts, each demon has a name and a precise function. Historically, belief in demons, or stories about demons, occurs in religion, occultism, literature, fiction, mythology, and folklore; as well as in media such as comics, video games, movies, and television series. But also the Greek Satyrs and Vampires have their descendants while we see the dwarf-like Kobalos for example evolve into the German Kobold, the Welsh Coblynau and French Gobelin (of which goblin was derived).

Medieval myths depicted gnomes as creatures resembling little old men, often with hunched over backs.

Hags or hideous Crone-type child luring spirits Traditional beauty tips and tricks from the Eastern hemisphere, particularly South Asia and Southeast Asia, are all the rage in the Western world.

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