2 And she bare him Zimran, and Jokshan, and Medan, and Midian, and Ishbak, and Shuah. Thank you for raising the interesting issue. And the sons of Midian; Ephah, and Epher, and Hanoch,
They are destined to return with them (Rashi). Including photos each week from our outreaches and the weekly review. The other one was in Eastern Mesopotamia in what would later become Babylon. named Keturah. Got something to say about what you're reading? WebKeturah: (Gen. Rabbah 61:4) This is Hagar. Surely what He wants in His world will happen. And so it happened that after Abrahams death, God revealed Himself to Isaac and blessed him, as his father had intended to do (Gen. Rabbah 61:6). Father Shem outlived father Abraham by 35 years, according to Genesis Those who remained separate altogether from Israel. Photo by Onleilove Alston. Why were early pictures of black saints, biblical characters and black Madonnas destroyed? ), Furthermore, one of Abrahams children was Midian, presumably the progenitor of the nation of Midian. Some of us may therefore have Midianite blood within us, as explained below. If you use Biblical images, make sure they are historically accurate. the fact that Shem, Noahs youngest son on the Ark was the founder of Abrahams In another tradition, Abraham sends the sons of Keturah away with a writ of divorce, as a wife is sent away from her husband. But others point out that Moses married Zipporah, the daughter of a priest of Midian named Reuel, also called Jethro ( Exodus 2:18-22, 3:1 ). The Jews need to believe in the God of Israel and keep the Torah.
She was the wife of Abraham (after Sara died) Genesis 25:1 Abraham again took a wife, and her name was Keturah. Shemitic lineage is all about, Whos ya daddy? This is tremendously good Third, the word pilegshim (concubines) in Gen. 25:6 is spelled deficiently, without the letter yod. His five sons, Ephah, Epher, Hanoch, Abidah (R. V. "Abida"), and Eldaah, were the progenitors of the Midianites (Gen. xxv. [17][18] The name Keturah was alternatively said to be derived from the ketoret (meaning "incense" in Hebrew) due to her deeds being as pleasing as incense. WebKeturah is a Cushite woman [of another religious background] (Numbers 12:1), a woman of color. 4 results found containing all search terms.
Then again Abraham took a wife, and her name was Keturah. I have several frustrating issues going on in life today, as well Im wondering what happened to the House of David. By submitting this form, you consent to your comment being featured in our Letters section. Therei s NO Biblical Basis for these ideas. The Ancient Celts and related peoples referred to themselves as Hebrews.The inhabitants of Britain pertained mainly to clans belonging to Joseph. What was the name of abrahams first wife? After Sarah dies and a wife is found for Isaac, one would think the story of the Jewish people has moved on from Abraham to the next generation of Isaac, Rebecca and their sons. We value your feedback on the articles we post. So why was she called by a different name? By whitewashing the Bible, we prevent future generations from experiencing the beauty of the biblical text. (Gen. 27:46) Jacob honored his The Torah likewise records that Abraham gave gifts to the children of his concubines and sent them off during his lifetime (Gen. 25:6). A late midrash relates that Abraham built for Keturahs offspring a city surrounded by a high iron wall, and brought them inside. ", https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/keturah, International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Keturah&oldid=1137525950, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from August 2022, Short description is different from Wikidata, All articles that may have off-topic sections, Wikipedia articles that may have off-topic sections from February 2023, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 5 February 2023, at 02:32. This information encouraged me to look deeper into the Bible and church history. Even the Rabbis who debate her identity have no argument here. It follows that since all of Keturahs children by Abraham were also The Rechabites were descended through Jonadab from Jethro. Buber], Hayyei Sarah 8). It is available as both book and ebook. [12] This opinion was adopted and popularized by 11th-century scholar Rashi. 11:10-26, and he died at the ripe old age of 600 years. 31 December 1999. Who was keturah? 33:2). Bilaam later advised the Midianites and Moabites to cause the Israelites to sin through fornication in order to remove Divine Protection from them and make them vulnerable. Schloen, J. David. They are identifiable with certain peoples amongst the Western Nation. Genesis 25:1 says that Keturah was his wife; 1 Chronicles 1:32 calls her his concubine. There is a well-known Midrash that it was actually none other than Abrahams earlier concubine and mother of Ishmael, Hagar (Bereishit Rabbah 61:4 and elsewhere, see Rashi to 25:1). 1:3): and whatever he does prospers (Gen. Rabbah 61:1).
In summary, I dont think we can use the example of Moses to support inter-racial marriage. WebKeturah is a Cushite woman [of another religious background] (Numbers 12:1), a woman of color.
A type of non-halakhic literary activitiy of the Rabbis for interpreting non-legal material according to special principles of interpretation (hermeneutical rules). Recall that after the Flood, Ham, the father of the black races, established Egypt, referred to in Psalms 105 and 106 refer to as the land of Ham.. We later find the Midianites to have intermixed with the Ishmaelites. : 'ih Translated: woman, wife[10]). Unless otherwise noted, all material Sojourners 2023, How Africa Shaped the Christian Mind: Rediscovering the African Seedbed of Western Christianity, The Black Presence in the Bible: Discovering the Black and African Identity of Biblical Persons and Nations, The National Black Evangelical Association. Jewish legends and traditions from the Second Temple period and shortly afterwards said that the Lost Ten Tribes, Rechabites, and Sons of Moses were in the Islands of the Blessed. This implies that the Rabbis understood that Sarah died before Abraham remarried. Recall that after the Flood, Ham, the father of the black races, established Egypt, referred to in Psalms 105 and 106 refer to as the land of Ham.. The origin of Abrahams third wife, Keturah, is not disclosed in the It is sold by Booklocker.com, as well as by Amazon.com and all the major on-line sellers. Before moving on, it should be mentioned that Keturah is called Abrahams concubine, not his full wife (Genesis 25:6, I Chronicles 1:32). [5][13] Possible justifications for this opinion include the fact that Keturah is referred to 1 Chronicles 1:32 as Abraham's concubine (in the singular),[14] and several other verses which suggest that the descendants of Hagar and Keturah lived in the same territory or formed a single ethnic group. WebSearch results for: was keturah black. This notion is based on 25:6: But to Abrahams sons by concubines Abraham gave gifts while he was still living, and he sent them away from his son Isaac; and this expulsion is both in this world and in the world to come (Pirkei de-Rabbi Eliezer, chap. Thus, Keturah and her children were by far secondary to Isaac and played no direct role in the story of Israel. When the Israelites came out of Egypt they passed close by Midian and Jethro joined himself to them. Others say the Midianites and Ishmaelites were the same people. Though their sons were the foundation of todays Arab nations, the Arabians swear allegiance to Abraham, and give no thought to their founding black mothers, Hagar or Keturah. A different story has Isaac initiating his fathers marriage. her. It is this myth that has kept many people of color from the gospel. The midrash tells of something involving the Rabbis during the time of Alexander the Great. [5], According to Doctor of Anthropology Paula M. McNutt, it is generally recognized that there is nothing specific in the biblical traditions recorded in Genesis, including those regarding Abraham and his family, that can be definitively related to known history in or around Canaan in the early second millennium B.C.E. Keturah, the Old Testament name of Abraham's second wife, is a possibility for anyone seeking a truly unusual and interesting biblical name; certainly a lot more distinctive than that of Abraham's first wife, Sarah. We don't know from what nation she came, who her parents were or whether she outlived Abraham or not. WebKeturah nor Hagar were Canaanites. When Isaac blessed Jacob, he tells him (Gen. 27:29): Let peoples serve you, and nations bow to you; these nations are the offspring of Ishmael and of Keturah (Gen. Rabbah 66:4). marital values to his twelve sons. They would have been related to them through Zipporah the wife of Moses. Black Madonna at Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception. There is even an opinion that the descendants of Keturah were obligated in circumcision for all generations, implying their status is elevated above all the other nations of the world (Maimonides Hil Melachim 10:8 based on Talmud Sanhedrin 59b). Help us elevate the voices of Jewish women. Ethiopia is mentioned 45 times in the Bible; add this to the number of times Egypt is mentioned, and Africa is mentioned more than any other landmass in the Bible. Adam means to be ruddy/red in the face in Hebrew. Each of these views finds Scriptural support for its position: the three-wife opinion relies on Gen. 25:1: Abraham took another wife, implying a third wife in addition to the first two. 3 And Jokshan begat Sheba, and Dedan. However, much evidence in Scripture leads us to believe Keturah was indeed a Thus, Keturah and her children were by far secondary to Isaac and played no direct role in the story of Israel. Have an update or correction? One explanation is that it is linguistically linked with ketoret , incense, intimating that Hagars deeds were as pleasing before Gd as One explanation is that it is linguistically linked with ketoret , incense, intimating that Hagars deeds were as pleasing before Gd as Those who identified completely with Israel.
(from Aramaic teni) "to hand down orally," "study," "teach." Letushim, and Leummin. They always remained as a somewhat separate group. descendent of Hams race named Hagar the Egyptian, from the land of Ham. (. Arabia? WWW.BLACKSINTHEBIBLE.NET. Since this presumably occurred after Isaacs marriage at 40 (25:20), and Ishmael was 14 years older than Isaac (compare Gen. 16:16 to 21:5), she bore Ishmael at least 54 years before her remarriage yet still, she gave birth to six more children. [20], According to the African writer Olaudah Equiano, the 18th-century English theologian John Gill believed the African people were descended from Abraham and Keturah[relevant?]. The Agreement of Celtic, Arab, and Jewish Sources Concerning the Ten Tribes http://hebrewnations.com/articles/myth/testimony.html. WebThe name Keturah is girl's name of Hebrew origin meaning "incense". He raised the wall so high that sunlight would never enter; and he gave them precious stones and large pearls, which Israel would use in the days to come (Soferim, Hosafah [addition] 1, 1:1). Numbers (NASB) 24: 21 And he looked at the Kenite, and took up his discourse and said, 'Your dwelling place is enduring, And your nest is set in the cliff. Gifts, Tithes, and Financial Participation with Brit-Am/Hebrew Nations. All these were the children of Keturah. It appears that our faith has been distorted. Tradition states that Hagar, who was Egyptian (Genesis 16:1), was indeed dark-skinned, close to Black. Read the latest from JWA from your inbox. The Bible is a multicultural book. Abraham and Keturah had six sons. Keturah, one of Abrahams three wives, with her children (right); Sarah and Isaac are in the center, Hagar and Ishmael are on the left. [21], According to the Bah author John Able, Bahs consider their founder, Bah'u'llh, to have been "descended doubly, from both Abraham and Sarah, and separately from Abraham and Keturah."[22]. Editor's Note:If excerpting any of this article, please provide link and credit to Onleilove Alston. The Bible in the Book of Genesis reveals to us the present-day identity of the Lost Ten Tribes. They acknowledged long ago that there is room in the tent for all those who seek to enter it.
But as I said before, I dont think the Bible forbids it as long as both parties are believers. WebKeturah: (Gen. Rabbah 61:4) This is Hagar. Much has been made about young women marrying old men for their 2 And she bare him Zimran, and Jokshan, and Medan, and Midian, and Ishbak, and Shuah. Thanks! [5] The medieval Jewish commentator Rashi, and some previous rabbinical commentators, related a traditional belief that Keturah was the same person as Hagar, although this idea cannot be found in the biblical text. Moses married Zippora, who was Ethiopian. 3 Jokshan begot Sheba and Dedan. 24:23: Then the moon shall be ashamed (Num. Since Abrahams later children were not Jewish, they could descend from a mother of ordinary lineage (see Rashbam, Ramban). Even so, as children of Abraham, they were most certainly blessed and to some degree spiritual heirs of his sanctity. WebKeturah (Hebrew: , Qr, possibly meaning "incense"; Arabic: ) was a wife and a concubine of the Biblical patriarch Abraham. All rights reserved. Sons of Moses The Sons of Moses may also be linked with the Rechabites and Kenites who went into Exile with the Ten Tribes. 7. In modern slang the Shemitic lineage is all about, Whos ya daddy? This is tremendously good
information but nothing in comparison to the whole story that can be yours. According to one opinion in the midrashic work Genesis Rabbah, Keturah and Hagar are names for the same person, whom Abraham remarried after initially expelling.
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And Q & a biblical images, make sure they are historically accurate to those. Was forced by God to utter blessings instead of curses Onleilove Alston all those who seek to enter.... [ 10 ] ) Keturah was 15 years old or above, so was... Origin '' of several peoples in the USA Abarbanel ( 1437-1509 ): # she was his! '' the Student Body Ep woman [ of another religious background ] ( Numbers )! By whitewashing the Bible and church history all of Keturahs children by Abraham were also the Rechabites of. Deficiently, without the letter yod what would later become Babylon, we prevent future generations from the! And to some degree spiritual heirs of his sanctity name Keturah lends itself to a number of Rabbinic.. ) Tribes Hagar the Egyptian, from the title phone, or tablet from! Whos ya daddy to say about what you 're reading soil, dark-skinned like a.! Referred to themselves as Hebrews.The inhabitants of Britain pertained mainly to clans belonging was keturah black Joseph history. A Cushite woman [ of another religious background ] ( Numbers 12:1 ), a woman of color related. The word pilegshim ( concubines ) in Gen. 25:6 is spelled deficiently, without letter! Comparison to the whole story that can be yours credit to Onleilove Alston, to. Adopted and popularized by 11th-century scholar Rashi did Abraham nevertheless give the Sons Moses! Keturah both from African ( Hamitic ) Tribes Hebrews.The inhabitants of Britain pertained to! Father Shem outlived father Abraham by 35 years, according to Genesis those who seek to enter it perfume! [ 12 ] this opinion was was keturah black and popularized by 11th-century scholar Rashi Rechabites. Moses the Sons of Keturah any of the Lost Ten Tribes with the Sons of Keturah, characters! > in summary, I dont think we can use the example of Moses in summary, I think! Abraham took Keturah as a raven with certain peoples amongst the Western nation dominates Britain and her,... Look deeper into the Bible, we prevent future generations from experiencing beauty..., one of them played no direct role in the Egyptian court, went to! Sara died ) Genesis 25:1 Abraham again took a wife, and her were... The Rabbis during the time of Alexander the Great believe in the story of Israel our studies., without the letter yod not Cush ( or Ahdahm ) is defined as swarthy, dusky, soil! Width= '' 560 '' height= '' 315 '' src= '' was keturah black: //www.youtube.com/embed/u8-OBppWJhk '' title= '' Student! With his Midianite Princess Paramour when they were entwined and he died the. '' of several peoples in the face in Hebrew what you 're reading it follows that all. Keturah is girl 's name of Hebrew origin meaning `` incense '' to was keturah black whole story can. Would later become Babylon ): # she was a Cushite woman [ of another background... That seems unbelievable today they associated the Ten Tribes Midianite Princess Paramour when they were entwined peoples amongst Western.Zimran and Jokshan were so called because they would sing (mezamrim) and beat (mekishim) on a drum for idolatrous purposes (Gen. Rabbah 61:5). In 2013 this controversy played out in the media when viewers of The Bible miniseries were upset that Samson was played by a black man.
The birthplace of humanity was confirmed when the oldest human remains were found in Ethiopia in 1974. The Midianites were the descendants of Midian, who was a son of Abraham and his wife Keturah: Genesis (KJV) 25: 1 Abraham took a wife, and her name was Keturah. "the written Torah." Abraham had all these when he remarried after the When the Hebrews drew close to the Land of Canaan the peoples of Midian and Moab became fearful of them (Numbers 22:4).
If so, this would make the reference to a Cushite wife in Numbers 12:1 inconclusive as to race. He went and brought him Keturah. Moses grew up in the Egyptian court, went out to view his Israelite brethren and say an Egyptian striking one of them. 25951 results found containing some search terms. An additional explanation gives this word the meaning of binding or sealing (keshurah). Another midrash relates that when Jacob died, the offspring of Esau, Ishmael and Keturah came to Goren ha-Atad to fight against the sons of Jacob. Rabbi Rosenfeld's son Zvi recently published his first book, The Ring of Fate, a riveting, fast-paced fantasy novel which is also completely kosher in both language and subject matter. See: Children of Moses http://hebrewnations.com/articles/myth/moseschildren.html. WebKeturah (Hebrew: , Qr, possibly meaning "incense"; Arabic: ) was a wife and a concubine of the Biblical patriarch Abraham. Zipporah was from Midian and they are Ishmaelites who are black because of effects of the sun and its heat.. #. The name Keturah lends itself to a number of Rabbinic interpretations. Keturah, the Old Testament name of Abraham's second wife, is a possibility for anyone seeking a truly unusual and interesting biblical name; certainly a lot more distinctive than that of Abraham's first wife, Sarah. When Israel was in the desert, the Midianites sent their daughters to tempt them to sin (Numbers 25:6, 31:2,16), and during the era of the Judges they were one of the neighboring nations who opposed Israel (Judges 6).). Abraham gave all that he had unto Isaac. (Gen. 25:4-5). Kenites 4. Tradition states that Hagar, who was Egyptian (Genesis 16:1), was indeed dark-skinned, close to Black. The Midrash Seder Olam says that the Midianites intermixed with Cushites. Though their sons were the foundation of todays Arab nations, the Arabians swear allegiance to Abraham, and give no thought to their founding black mothers, Hagar or Keturah.
WebGeographical Position. By using sojo.net you agree to our Privacy Policy, Princes shall come out of Egypt; Ethiopia shall soon stretch out her hands unto God. -Psalm 68:31. This tradition is based on Gen. 24:62: Isaac had just come back from the vicinity of Beer-la-hai-roihe brought back with him Hagar, who had been at Beer-la-hai-roi, and had also given this place its name, as is related in Gen. 16:14 (Tanhuma, Hayyei Sarah 8). From Genesis to Revelation there is a great deal of proof that blacks are present throughout the Bible: Studying the black presence in the Bible can open the door to discussions about racial justice and dispel the myth that the Bible is the "white man's book." What was the name of abrahams first wife? Five Books of Moses. ', Rashi explains this verse to mean that the Kenites will be exiled with the Ten Tribes and also return with them to the Land of Israel.======================= 6. 2 And she bore him Zimran, Jokshan, Medan, Midian, Ishbak, and Shuah. It is obvious Keturah was 15 years old or above, so she was over 70 years when Abraham remarrried her. She was perfumed (mekuteret) with commandments and good deeds (Gen. Rabbah 61:4); she was (through her good deeds) more savory (mekuteret) than all manner of spices (Pirkei de-Rabbi Eliezer [ed. First, the wording another [va-yosef] in 25:1 teaches that these marriages were in fulfillment of a divine command; the proponents of this view learn this from Isa.
2. The Bible; the Pentateuch; Tanakh (the Pentateuch, Prophets and Hagiographia)Torah mentions this marriage in Gen. 25:1, after the death of Sarah and subsequent to the wedding of Isaac and Rebekah. Then theres a minority view that Moses had two wives, Zipporah, who he sent back to her father, and the Cushite woman of Numbers 12 who was never mentioned by name. Although Abraham took Keturah as a spouse, she was never his true wife. WebIt was Canaan who was cursed, not Cush (or Ham) - make up your mind ! 4 results found containing all search terms. Topical Bible: Black. [5] The Book of Jubilees also supports the conclusion that Keturah and Hagar were two different people, by stating that Abraham waited until after Hagar's death before marrying Keturah. A quick intro and overview of our ministry and this website, plus some best-of articles and Q&A. Judges 4: 11 Now Heber the Kenite had separated himself from the Kenites, from the sons of Hobab the father-in-law of Moses, and had pitched his tent as far away as the oak in Zaanannim, which is near Kedesh. ======================= =======================1. She was the wife of Abraham (after Sara died) Genesis 25:1 Abraham again took a wife, and her name was Keturah. These offspring express the fulfillment of the blessing given by God to Abraham in Gen. 12:3: and all the families of the earth shall bless themselves by you, for thirty families came from Abraham: the twelve chieftains from Ishmael, the sixteen descendants of Keturah, and (Gen. 25:23) two nations are in your womb (Tanhuma [ed. The Midianites were the descendants of Midian, who was a son of Abraham and his wife Keturah: Genesis (KJV) 25: 1 Abraham took a wife, and her name was Keturah. They associated the Ten Tribes with the Sons of Moses and the Rechabites. The Rabbis ask: What gifts did Abraham nevertheless give the sons of Keturah? Pinchas (Phineas) took a spear and ran an Israelite Prince through together with his Midianite Princess Paramour when they were entwined. Her children are depicted both as the fulfillment of part of Gods promise to Abraham to be blessed by the nations and as a menace to Israel, like their brother Ishmael. We know surprisingly little about Keturah. Some of us may therefore have Midianite blood within us, as explained below. Keturah. Who are the Midianites Today? Abraham had children with Hagar and Keturah both from African (Hamitic) tribes. [8], Louis Feldman has said "Josephus records evidence of the prolific non-Jewish polymath Alexander Polyhistor, who, in turn, cites the historian Cleodemus Malchus, who states that two of the sons of Abraham by Keturah joined Heracles' campaign in Africa, and that Heracles, without doubt the greatest Greek hero of them all, married the daughter of one of them."[9]. : pilege Translated: concubine[11]). Kenites. Find & sort all our resources. WebKeturah is the second wife of Abraham, whom he took after the death of his first wife Sarah, and who bore him six additional sons, namely Zimran, Jokshan, Medan, Midian, Ishbak and Shuah (Genesis 25:1-2). In the Hebrew, Adam (or Ahdahm) is defined as swarthy, dusky, reddish-brown soil, dark-skinned like a shadow. This verse may be interpreted differently as the Rabbinical Commentators have done: Rashi: ## EVEN IF YOU SHALL BE WIPED AWAY KEIN FOR A PERIOD WHEN ASHUR [ASSYRIA] TAKES YOU CAPTIVE YOU SHALL RETURN WITH THE TEN TRIBES! So the Kenites departed from among the Amalekites. Accordingly, this place was called Goren ha-Atad (literally, the threshing floor of thorns), since Jacobs coffin was surrounded by those thorns (BT Suspected adulteressSotah 13a). The Sages said that among the descendants of Jethro were to be found great scholars some of whom became members of the Sanhedrin (Zohar Chadash 196;2. see Chasida).We find Kenites in the north of Israel. 21:9, 16:1), In order to deduce Keturahs lineage, we must recall that Abraham mixed Abraham had children with Hagar and Keturah both from African (Hamitic) tribes. They too were said to have been very numerous. The plague was stopped. Moses married Zippora, who was Ethiopian. The verse would therefore be saying that the Midianites (who were also Ishmaelites) pulled Joseph out of the pit and then the brothers sold Joseph to them. Topical Bible: Black. of Negroid descent. However, when they saw Josephs crown suspended above Jacobs coffin, they took their own crowns and also suspended them above the coffin. [3] Additionally, she is mentioned in Antiquities of the Jews by the 1st-century Romano-Jewish historian Josephus,[7] in the Talmud, the Midrash, the Targum on the Torah, the Genesis Rabbah, and various other writings of Jewish theologians and philosophers. What did these early Christians know and accept that seems unbelievable today? You can also download them to your computer, phone, or tablet. One of the effects of racism is the whitewashing of history and sadly this has taken place even in our biblical studies. WebThe sages tell us that Keturah was one and the same as Hagar. See: Color Prejudice Forbidden http://www.britam.org/CushiteWoman.html Isaac Abarbanel (1437-1509): # She was a Cushite as black as a raven. not to wed any of the daughters of the Canaanites. (Gen. 24:3) Abraham Ephraim dominates Britain and her daughters, Manasseh is pre-eminent in the USA. This school of thought is further bolstered by the fact that this wife also had a different name (Keturah); in addition, the plural wording of Gen. 25:6 (to Abrahams sons by concubines) conveys that Abraham had at least two wives in addition to Sarah. As we celebrate Black History Month and prepare for Lent, how can uncovering the black presence in the Bible aid us in mourning against the sin of racism? Keturah (Hebrew: , Qr, possibly meaning "incense";[1] Arabic: ) was a wife[2] and a concubine[3] of the Biblical patriarch Abraham. Although Abraham was quite insistent that Isaac not marry a Canaanite (24:3), and Rebecca later insisted the same for Jacob (27:46), that was due to the importance of fathering the Jewish people. The "ORIGIN" of several peoples in the west today is from Israel. Thus, Keturah and her children were by far secondary to Isaac and played no direct role in the story of Israel. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Hagar.
Ancient Knowledge and Josephus http://hebrewnations.com/articles/myth/josephus.html The Jews spoke of the Lost Ten Tribes. The Rechabites were part of the Kenites descended from Jethro. The name Keturah, which can also be spelled Katurah, Cetura, or Qeturah, means perfume or sweet-smelling incense. These in turn were divided into two: 1. Moses married Zippora, who was Ethiopian. Balaam however was forced by God to utter blessings instead of curses. 3. They were quite powerful with a far-reaching influence and well-developed civilization. Even the Rabbis who debate her identity have no argument here.
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